Construction

• Architectural Design:Focuses on aesthetics, space planning, and usability.
• Structural Design: Focuses on the safety, stability, and strength of the building.

• Conceptual design.
• Schematic design (basic layouts and dimensions).
• Design development (detailed specifications).
• Construction documentation (drawings for execution).
• Supervision during construction.

Space planning is the process of organizing a building's interior layout to maximize efficiency and usability while meeting functional requirements.

• Passive design strategies (natural ventilation, daylighting).
• Use of eco-friendly materials.
• Energy-efficient systems and renewable energy integration.
• Water conservation (rainwater harvesting, low-flow fixtures).

• Balancing aesthetics, functionality, and cost.
• Client-driven changes and revisions.
• Integrating sustainable solutions.
• Coordinating with structural and MEP engineers.

Structural design focuses on ensuring the safety, stability, and strength of a building or structure under various loads (e.g., gravity, wind, earthquakes).

Structural design ensures that the building can withstand external and internal forces without collapsing or undergoing excessive deformation.

• Load calculations (dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads).
• Selection of materials (steel, concrete, timber, FRP).
• Designing structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, foundations).
• Structural analysis (to ensure safety and stability).
• Preparing detailed drawings and specifications.

• Foundation: Transfers load to the ground.
• Columns: Vertical load-carrying members.
• Beams: Horizontal members that transfer loads to columns.
• Slabs: Flat elements that distribute loads.
• Trusses: Framework for roofs or bridges.

The foundation ensures the building's stability by distributing loads evenly to the soil and preventing settlement or failure.